Embryotox - Referenzen

ADHS-Medikation

Bang Madsen K, Robakis TK, Liu X, Momen N, Larsson H, Dreier JW, Kildegaard H, Groth JB, Newcorn JH, Hove Thomsen P, Munk-Olsen T, Bergink V. In utero exposure to ADHD medication and long-term offspring outcomes. Mol Psychiatry. 2023; 28(4):1739–46
Bröms G, Hernandez-Diaz S, Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Kristiansen EB, Einarsdóttir K, Engeland A, Furu K, Gissler M, Karlsson P, Klungsøyr K, Lahesmaa-Korpinen A-M, Mogun H, Nørgaard M, Reutfors J, Sørensen HT, Zoega H, Kieler H. Atomoxetine in Early Pregnancy and the Prevalence of Major Congenital Malformations: A Multinational Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2023; 84(1)
Cohen JM, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT, Park Y, Desai RJ, Gray KJ, Patorno E, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF. Placental Complications Associated with Psychostimulant Use in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 130(6):1192–201
Huybrechts KF, Broms G, Christensen LB, Einarsdottir K, Engeland A, Furu K, Gissler M, Hernandez-Diaz S, Karlsson P, Karlstad O, Kieler H, Lahesmaa-Korpinen A-M, Mogun H, Norgaard M, Reutfors J, Sorensen HT, Zoega H, Bateman BT. Association Between Methylphenidate and Amphetamine Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Malformations: A Cohort Study from the International Pregnancy Safety Study Consortium. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018; 75(2):167–75
Suarez EA, Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Straub L, McDougle CJ, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, Lester B, Zhu Y, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF. Prescription Stimulant Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA Psychiatry. 2024; 81(5):477–88

Antazida

Anderka M, Mitchell AA, Louik C, Werler MM, Hernandez-Diaz S, Rasmussen SA. Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. Birth Defects Res (Part A). 2012; 94(1):22–30
Banhidy F, Dakhlaoui A, Puho EH, Czeizel AE. Peptic ulcer disease with related drug treatment in pregnant women and congenital abnormalities in their offspring. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2011; 51(1):26–33
Meteerattanapipat P, Phupong V. Efficacy of alginate-based reflux suppressant and magnesium-aluminium antacid gel for treatment of heartburn in pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7:44830
Strugala V, Bassin J, Swales VS, Lindow SW, Dettmar PW, Thomas ECM. Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a Raft-Forming Alginate Reflux Suppressant (Liquid Gaviscon) for the Treatment of Heartburn during Pregnancy. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2012; 2012:481870

Anthelminthika

Choi J-S, Han J-Y, Ahn H-K, Ryu H-M, Koren G. Foetal outcomes after exposure to albendazole in early pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017; 37(8):1108–11
de Silva NR, Sirisena JLGJ, Gunasekera DPS, Ismail MM, de Silva HJ. Effect of mebendazole therapy during pregnancy on birth outcome. Lancet. 1999; 353(9159):1145–9
Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Arnon J, Lubart I, Ornoy A. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to mebendazole: a prospective controlled cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 188(1):282–5
Gyapong JO, Chinbuah MA, Gyapong M. Inadvertent exposure of pregnant women to ivermectin and albendazole during mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health. 2003; 8(12):1093–101
Gyorkos TW, St-Denis K. Systematic review of exposure to albendazole or mebendazole during pregnancy and effects on maternal and child outcomes, with particular reference to exposure in the first trimester. Int J Parasitol. 2019; 49(7):541–54
Torp-Pedersen A, Jimenez-Solem E, Cejvanovic V, Poulsen HE, Andersen JT. Birth outcomes after exposure to mebendazole and pyrvinium during pregnancy - A Danish nationwide cohort study. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016; 36(8):1020–5

Antiasthmatika

Chambers CD, Krishnan JA, Alba L, Albano JD, Bryant AS, Carver M, Cohen LS, Gorodetsky E, Hernandez-Diaz S, Honein MA, Jones BL, Murray RK, Namazy JA, Sahin L, Spong CY, Vasisht KP, Watt K, Wurst KE, Yao L, Schatz M. The safety of asthma medications during pregnancy and lactation: Clinical management and research priorities. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021; 147(6):2009–2020
Dombrowski MP, Bottoms SF, Boike GM, Wald J. Incidence of preeclampsia among asthmatic patients lower with theophylline. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986; 155(2):265–7
Eltonsy S, Kettani F-Z, Blais L. Beta2-agonists use during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review. Respir Med. 2014; 108(1):9–33
Fareed A, Siblini D, Vaid R, Farhat H, Rida A, Moradeyo A, Khan MA. Montelukast use in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in asthma treatment. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2024; 64(6):220–7
Gong T, Lundholm C, Rejno G, Bolte S, Larsson H, D'Onofrio BM, Lichtenstein P, Almqvist C. Parental asthma and risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: A population and family-based case-control study. Clin Exp Allergy. 2019; 49(6):883–91
Liu X, Dalsgaard S, Munk-Olsen T, Li J, Wright RJ, Momen NC. Parental asthma occurrence, exacerbations and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Behav Immun. 2019; 82:302–8
Murphy VE, Wang G, Namazy JA, Powell H, Gibson PG, Chambers C, Schatz M. The risk of congenital malformations, perinatal mortality and neonatal hospitalisation among pregnant women with asthma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. BJOG. 2013; 120(7):812–22
Rocklin RE. Asthma, asthma medications and their effects on maternal/fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2011; 32(2):189–97
Sarkar M, Koren G, Kalra S, Ying A, Smorlesi C, De Santis M, Diav-Citrin O, Avgil M, Lavigne SV, Berkovich M, Einarson A. Montelukast use during pregnancy: a multicentre, prospective, comparative study of infant outcomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009; 65(12):1259–64
Schatz M, Dombrowski MP, Wise R, Momirova V, Landon M, Mabie W, Newman RB, Hauth JC, Lindheimer M, Caritis SN, Leveno KJ, Meis P, Miodovnik M, Wapner RJ, Paul RH, Varner MW, O'Sullivan MJ, Thurnau GR, Conway DL. The relationship of asthma medication use to perinatal outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113(6):1040–5
Stenius-Aarniala B, Riikonen S, Teramo K. Slow-Release Theophylline in Pregnant Asthmatics. Chest. 1995; 107(3):642–7
Tsai H-J, Wu C-S, Chang Y-C, Yao T-C. Use of Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonists During Pregnancy and Risk of Neuropsychiatric Events in Offspring. JAMA Netw Open. 2023; 6(3):e231934

Antibiotika

Abdellatif M, Ghozy S, Kamel MG, Elawady SS, Ghorab MME, Attia AW, Le Huyen TT, Duy DTV, Hirayama K, Huy NT. Association between exposure to macrolides and the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pediatr. 2019; 178(3):301–14
Almaramhy HH, Al-Zalabani AH. The association of prenatal and postnatal macrolide exposure with subsequent development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital J Pediatr. 2019; 45(1):20
Andersson NW, Olsen RH, Andersen JT. Association between use of macrolides in pregnancy and risk of major birth defects: nationwide, register based cohort study. BMJ. 2021; 372:n107
Bahri N, Dashti S, Mohammadzadeh A, Sharifi N, Hadizadeh-Talasaz F, Mardeneh J. Relationship Between Amoxicillin Use in Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: A Systematic Review. Curr Drug Res Rev. 2023; 15(2):170–6
Berkovitch M, Segal-Socher I, Greenberg R, Bulkowshtein M, Arnon J, Merlob P, Or-Noy A. First trimester exposure to cefuroxime: a prospective cohort study. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2000; 50(2):161–5
Comunian-Carrasco G, Pena-Marti GE, Marti-Carvajal AJ. Antibiotics for treating gonorrhoea in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 2(2):CD011167
Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer SM, Gideon PS, Hall KS, Kaltenbach LA, Ray WA. Antibiotics potentially used in response to bioterrorism and the risk of major congenital malformations. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2009; 23(1):18–28
Cross R, Ling C, Day NPJ, McGready R, Paris DH. Revisiting doxycycline in pregnancy and early childhood--time to rebuild its reputation? Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016; 15(3):367–82
Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Olsen J, Sörensen HT. A teratological study of aminoglycoside antibiotic treatment during pregnancy. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 2000; 32(3):309–13
Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Olsen J, Sörensen HT. Oral phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment during pregnancy: results of a population-based Hungarian case-control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2000; 263(4):178–81
Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Sörensen HT, Olsen J. A population-based case-control teratologic study of ampicillin treatment during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 185(1):140–7
Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M, Sörensen HT, Olsen J. Use of cephalosporins during pregnancy and in the presence of congenital abnormalities: a population-based, case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 184(6):1289–96
Damkier P, Brønniche LMS, Korch-Frandsen JFB, Broe A. In utero exposure to antibiotics and risk of congenital malformations: A population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019; 221(6):648.e1–.e15
Daniel S, Doron M, Fishman B, Koren G, Lunenfeld E, Levy A. The safety of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid use during the first trimester of pregnancy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019; 85(12):2856–63
Ehsanipoor RM, Chung JH, Clock CA, McNulty JA, Wing DA. A retrospective review of ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin + clavulanate vs cefazolin/cephalexin and erythromycin in the setting of preterm premature rupture of membranes: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008; 198(5):e54–e6
Eric M, Sabo A. Teratogenicity of antibacterial agents. Coll Antropol. 2008; 32(3):919–25
Fan H, Gilbert R, O’Callaghan F, Li L. Associations between macrolide antibiotics prescribing during pregnancy and adverse child outcomes in the UK: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2020; 368:m331 (1–10)
Fan H, Li L, Wijlaars L, Gilbert RE. Associations between use of macrolide antibiotics during pregnancy and adverse child outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019; 14(2):e0212212
Ford N, Shubber Z, Jao J, Abrams EJ, Frigati L, Mofenson L. Safety of cotrimoxazole in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014; 66(5):512–21
Forna F, McConnell M, Kitabire FN, Homsy J, Brooks JT, Mermin J, Weidle PJ. Systematic review of the safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis in HIV-infected pregnant women: implications for resource-limited settings. AIDS Rev. 2006; 8(1):24–36
Hashimoto Y, Michihata N, Yamana H, Shigemi D, Morita K, Matsui H, Yasunaga H, Aihara M. Safety of topical ophthalmic antibiotics in pregnant women with hordeola, chalazia, blepharitis, or bacterial conjunctivitis: propensity score analyses. Eye. 2022; 36(5):1066–73
Hulton S-A, Kaplan BS. Renal dysplasia associated with in utero exposure to gentamicin and corticosteroids. Am J Med Genet. 1995; 58(1):91–3
Joergensen JS, Kjær Weile LK, Lamont RF. The early use of appropriate prophylactic antibiotics in susceptible women for the prevention of preterm birth of infectious etiology. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014; 15(15):2173–91
Kenyon S, Boulvain M, Neilson JP. Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 2013(12):CD001058
Keskin-Arslan E, Erol H, Uysal N, Karadas B, Temiz T, Kaplan YC. Pregnancy outcomes following maternal macrolide use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol. 2023; 115:124–46
Kirkwood A, Harris C, Timar N, Koren G. Is Gentamicin Ototoxic to the Fetus? J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2007; 29(2):140–5
Leke AZ, Dolk H, Loane M, Casson K, Nelen V, Barišić I, Garne E, Rissman A, O'Mahony M, Neville AJ, Pierini A, Bergman JEH, Klungsøyr K, Materna-Kiryluk A, Bielenska AL, Carbonell CC, Addor M-C, Tucker D. Macrolide and lincosamide antibiotic exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of congenital anomaly: A European case-control study. Reprod Toxicol. 2021; 100:101–8
Loebstein R, Addis A, Ho E, Andreou R, Sage S, Donnenfeld AE, Schick B, Bonati M, Moretti M, Lalkin A, Pastuszak A, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to fluoroquinolones: a multicenter prospective controlled study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998; 42(6):1336–9
Mallah N, Tohidinik HR, Etminan M, Figueiras A, Takkouche B. Prenatal Exposure to Macrolides and Risk of Congenital Malformations: A Meta-Analysis. Drug Saf. 2020; 43(3):211–21
Meaney-Delman D, Rasmussen SA, Beigi RH, Zotti ME, Hutchings Y, Bower WA, Treadwell TA, Jamieson DJ. Prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 122(4):885–900
Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Berard A. Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: a population based cohort study. Br J of Clin Pharmacol. 2017; 83(11):2557–71
Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Berard A. Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion. CMAJ. 2017; 189(17):E625–E33
Nahum GG, Uhl K, Kennedy DL. Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation: what is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks. Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 107(5):1120–38
Nakitanda AO, Odsbu I, Cesta CE, Pazzagli L, Pasternak B. First Trimester Tetracycline Exposure and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations. JAMA Netw Open. 2024; 7(11):e2445055
Noergaard M, Gotfredsen DR, Sørensen AMS, Andersen JT. Ciprofloxacin exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A Danish nationwide cohort study. BJOG. 2022; 129(9):1503–11
Omranipoor A, Kashanian M, Dehghani M, Sadeghi M, Baradaran HR. Association of antibiotics therapy during pregnancy with spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020; 302(1):5–22
Padberg S, Wacker E, Meister R, Panse M, Weber-Schoendorfer C, Oppermann M, Schaefer C. Observational Cohort Study of Pregnancy Outcome after First-Trimester Exposure to Fluoroquinolones. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58(8):4392–8
Sanchez AR, Rogers RS, 3rd, Sheridan PJ. Tetracycline and other tetracycline-derivative staining of the teeth and oral cavity. Int J Dermatol. 2004; 43(10):709–15
Sanchez Sainz-Trapaga C, Gutierrez FR, Ibanez RC, Moro SM. [Relationship between a case of severe hearing loss and use of gentamycin in the pregnant mother]. An Esp Pediatr. 1998; 49(4):397–8
Shin YJ, Choi JS, Chung JH, Han JY, Ahn HK, Ryu HM. Pregnancy outcomes in women reporting exposure to ofloxacin in early pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018; 38(6):807–12
Suarez V, Olson G, Saade G, Locksmith G, Hanskins G. The effect of in utero exposure to gentamicin on newborn otoacoustic emissions [Abstract]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 184(1):S52
van Wattum JJ, Leferink TM, Wilffert B, Ter Horst PGJ. Antibiotics and lactation: An overview of relative infant doses and a systematic assessment of clinical studies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019; 124(1):5–17
Yaris F, Kadioglu M, Kesim M, Unsal M, Yaris E, Ulku C, Kalyoncu NI. Urinary tract infections in unplanned pregnancies and fetal outcome. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2004; 9(3):141–6
Yaris F, Kesim M, Kadioglu M, Kul S. Gentamicin use in pregnancy. A renal anomaly. Saudi Med J. 2004; 25(7):958–9
Yu PA, Tran EL, Parker CM, Kim H-J, Yee EL, Smith PW, Russell Z, Nelson CA, Broussard CS, Yu YC, Meaney-Delman D. Safety of Antimicrobials During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Antimicrobials Considered for Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Plague. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 70(1 Suppl):S37–S50
Ziv A, Masarwa R, Perlman A, Ziv D, Matok I. Pregnancy Outcomes Following Exposure to Quinolone Antibiotics – a Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharm Res. 2018; 35(5):109

Antidepressiva

Anderson KN, Lind JN, Simeone RM, Bobo WV, Mitchell AA, Riehle-Colarusso T, Polen KN, Reefhuis J. Maternal Use of Specific Antidepressant Medications During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Selected Birth Defects. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020; 77(12):1246–55
Ankarfeldt MZ, Petersen J, Andersen JT, Li H, Motsko SP, Fast T, Hede SM, Jimenez-Solem E. Exposure to duloxetine during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations and stillbirth: A nationwide cohort study in Denmark and Sweden. PLoS Med. 2021; 18(11):e1003851
Ban L, Gibson JE, West J, Fiaschi L, Sokal R, Smeeth L, Doyle P, Hubbard RB, Tata LJ. Maternal depression, antidepressant prescriptions, and congenital anomaly risk in offspring: a population-based cohort study. BJOG. 2014; 121(12):1471–81
Besag FMC, Vasey MJ. Should Antidepressants be Avoided in Pregnancy? Drug Saf. 2023; 46(1):1–17
Buist A, Dennerstein L, Maguire KP, Norman TR. Plasma and human milk concentrations of moclobemide in nursing mothers. Hum Psychopharm Clin. 1998; 13(8):579–82
Freeman MP, Szpunar MJ, Kobylski LA, Harmon H, Viguera AC, Cohen LS. Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester exposure to buspirone: prospective longitudinal outcomes from the MGH National Pregnancy Registry for Psychiatric Medications. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2022; 25(5):923–8
Furu K, Kieler H, Haglund B, Engeland A, Selmer R, Stephansson O, Valdimarsdottir UA, Zoega H, Artama M, Gissler M, Malm H, Norgaard M. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and venlafaxine in early pregnancy and risk of birth defects: population based cohort study and sibling design. BMJ. 2015; 350:h1798
Huybrechts KF, Bateman BT, Pawar A, Bessette LG, Mogun H, Levin R, Li H, Motsko S, Scantamburlo Fernandes MF, Upadhyaya HP, Hernandez-Diaz S. Maternal and fetal outcomes following exposure to duloxetine in pregnancy: cohort study. BMJ. 2020; 368:m237
Huybrechts KF, Palmsten K, Avorn J, Cohen LS, Holmes LB, Franklin JM, Mogun H, Levin R, Kowal M, Setoguchi S, Hernandez-Diaz S. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(25):2397–407
Kennedy D, Webster WS, Hill M, Ritchie HE. Abnormal pregnancy outcome associated with high-dose maternal tranylcypromine therapy: Case report and literature review. Reprod Toxicol. 2017; 69:146–9
Klier CM, Schmid-Siegel B, Schäfer MR, Lenz G, Saria A, Lee A, Zernig G. St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and breastfeeding: plasma and breast milk concentrations of hyperforin for 5 mothers and 2 infants. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006; 67(2):305–9
Kolding L, Pedersen LH, Henriksen TB, Olsen J, Grzeskowiak LE. Hypericum perforatum use during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Reprod Toxicol. 2015; 58:234–7
Krutsch K, Campbell L, Baker T, Datta P. Alleviating anxiety while breastfeeding: evaluating buspirone transfer into human milk. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024
Lassen D, Ennis ZN, Damkier P. First-Trimester Pregnancy Exposure to Venlafaxine or Duloxetine and Risk of Major Congenital Malformations: A Systematic Review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016; 118(1):32–6
Leutritz AL, van Braam L, Preis K, Gehrmann A, Scherf-Clavel M, Fiedler K, Unterecker S, Kittel-Schneider S. Psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation and early development of exposed children. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023; 89(2):737–50
Moretti ME, Maxson A, Hanna F, Koren G, Evaluating the safety of St. John's Wort in human pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2009; 28(1):96-99
Ostenfeld A, Petersen TS, Pedersen LH, Westergaard HB, Løkkegaard ECL, Andersen JT. Mirtazapine exposure in pregnancy and fetal safety: A nationwide cohort study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022; 145(6):557–67
Richardson JL, Martin F, Dunstan H, Greenall A, Stephens S, Yates LM, Thomas SHL. Pregnancy outcomes following maternal venlafaxine use: A prospective observational comparative cohort study. Reprod Toxicol. 2019; 84:108–13
Schoretsanitis G, Spigset O, Stingl JC, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Westin AA. The impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants: a systematic critical review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2020; 16(5):431–40
Schoretsanitis G, Westin AA, Stingl JC, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Spigset O. Antidepressant transfer into amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood & breast milk: A systematic review & combined analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021; 107:110228
Shearer WT, Schreiner RL, Marshall RE. Urinary retention in a neonate secondary to maternal ingestion of nortriptyline. J Pediatr. 1972; 81(3):570–2
Suarez EA, Bateman BT, Hernández-Díaz S, Straub L, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, Lester B, McDougle CJ, Zhu Y, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF. Association of Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA Intern Med. 2022; 182(11):1149–60
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Yung M, Herrema I. Persistent mydriasis following intravenous atropine in a neonate. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000; 10(4):438–40

Antidiabetika

de Jong J, Garne E, Wender-Ozegowska E, Morgan M, de Jong-van den Berg LTW, Wang H. Insulin analogues in pregnancy and specific congenital anomalies: a literature review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016; 32(4):366–75
Doder Z, Vanechanos D, Oster M, Landgraf W, Lin S. Insulin Glulisine in Pregnancy - Experience from Clinical Trials and Post-marketing Surveillance. Eur Endocrinol. 2015; 11(1):17–20
Mathiesen ER. Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Diabetes - Lessons Learned From Clinical Research: The 2015 Norbert Freinkel Award Lecture. Diabetes Care. 2016; 39(12):2111–7
Mathiesen ER, Ali N, Alibegovic AC, Anastasiou E, Cypryk K, de Valk H, Dores J, Dunne F, Gall M-A, Garcia SD, Hanaire HP, Husemoen LLN, Ivanišević M, Kempe H-P, McCance DR, Damm P. Risk of Major Congenital Malformations or Perinatal or Neonatal Death With Insulin Detemir Versus Other Basal Insulins in Pregnant Women With Preexisting Diabetes: The Real-World EVOLVE Study. Diabetes Care. 2021; 44(9):2069–77
Mathiesen ER, Alibegovic AC, Corcoy R, Dunne F, Feig DS, Hod M, Jia T, Kalyanam B, Kar S, Kautzky-Willer A, Marchesini C, Rea RD, Damm P. Insulin degludec versus insulin detemir, both in combination with insulin aspart, in the treatment of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (EXPECT): an open‑label, multinational, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023; 11(2):86–95
Toledano Y, Hadar E, Hod M. Safety of insulin analogues as compared with human insulin in pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016; 15(7):963–73
Wang H, Wender-Ozegowska E, Garne E, Morgan M, Loane M, Morris JK, Bakker MK, Gatt M, de Walle H, Jordan S, Materna-Kiryluk A, Nelen V, Thys G, Wiesel A, Dolk H, de Jong-van den Berg LTW. Insulin analogues use in pregnancy among women with pregestational diabetes mellitus and risk of congenital anomaly: a retrospective population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(2):e014972
Wang J, Ji X, Liu T, Zhao N. Maternal and neonatal outcomes with the use of long acting, compared to intermediate acting basal insulin (NPH) for managing diabetes during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2022; 14(1):154

Antimykotika

Alsaad AMS, Kaplan YC, Koren G. Exposure to fluconazole and risk of congenital malformations in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol. 2015; 52:78–82
Andersson NW, Thomsen SF, Andersen JT. Evaluation of Association Between Oral and Topical Terbinafine Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Major Malformations and Spontaneous Abortion. JAMA Dermatol. 2020; 156(4):375–83
Andersson NW, Thomsen SF, Andersen JT. Exposure to terbinafine in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirth: A nationwide cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 84(3):763–7
Aselton P, Jick H, Milunsky A, Hunter J, Stergachis A. First-trimester drug use and congenital disorders. Obstet Gynecol. 1985; 65(4):451–5
Bar-Oz B, Moretti ME, Bishai R, Mareels G, Van Tittelboom T, Verspeelt J, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome after in utero exposure to itraconazole: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 183(3):617–20
Budani MC, Fensore S, Di Marzio M, Tiboni GM. Maternal use of fluconazole and congenital malformations in the progeny: A meta-analysis of the literature. Reprod Toxicol. 2021; 100:42–51
Czeizel AE, Kazy Z, Puho E. A population-based case-control teratological study of oral nystatin treatment during pregnancy. Scand J of Infect Dis. 2003; 35(11-12):830–5
De Santis M, Di Gianantonio E, Cesari E, Ambrosini G, Straface G, Clementi M. First-trimester itraconazole exposure and pregnancy outcome: a prospective cohort study of women contacting teratology information services in Italy. Drug Saf. 2009; 32(3):239–44
Force RW. Fluconazole concentrations in breast milk. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995; 14(3):235–6
Jick H, Holmes LB, Hunter JR, Madsen S, Stergachis A. First-trimester drug use and congenital disorders. JAMA. 1981; 246(4):343–6
Jick SS. Pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to fluconazole. Pharmacotherapy. 1999; 19(2):221–2
Kazy Z, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Population-based case-control study of oral ketoconazole treatment for birth outcomes. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2005; 45(1):5–8
Liu D, Zhang C, Wu L, Zhang L, Zhang L. Fetal outcomes after maternal exposure to oral antifungal agents during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020; 148(1):6–13
Mavrogenis S, Urban R, Czeizel AE, Acs N. Maternal risk factors in the origin of isolated hypospadias: a population-based case-control study. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2014; 54(2):110–5
Mölgaard-Nielsen D, Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369(9):830–9
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Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhou YY, Jiang CM, Jiang HY. The safety of oral fluconazole during the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2019; 126(13):1546–52

Antipsychotika

Bartfai Z, Kocsis J, Puho EH, Czeizel AE. A population-based case-control teratologic study of promethazine use during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2008; 25(2):276–85
Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Ornoy S, Arnon J, Schaefer C, Garbis H, Clementi M, Ornoy A. Safety of haloperidol and penfluridol in pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, controlled study. J Clin Psychiat. 2005; 66(3):317–22
Habermann F, Fritzsche J, Fuhlbruck F, Wacker E, Allignol A, Weber-Schoendorfer C, Meister R, Schaefer C. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and pregnancy outcome: a prospective, cohort study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013; 33(4):453–62
Huybrechts KF, Straub L, Karlsson P, Pazzagli L, Furu K, Gissler M, Hernandez-Diaz S, Nørgaard M, Zoega H, Bateman BT, Cesta CE, Cohen JM, Leinonen MK, Reutfors J, Selmer RM, Suarez EA, Ulrichsen SP, Kieler H. Association of In Utero Antipsychotic Medication Exposure With Risk of Congenital Malformations in Nordic Countries and the US. JAMA Psychiatry. 2023; 80(2):156–66
Källen B, Borg N, Reis M. The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2013; 6(10):1221–86
Straub L, Hernández-Díaz S, Bateman BT, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, Lester B, McDougle CJ, Suarez EA, Zhu Y, Zakoul H, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF. Association of Antipsychotic Drug Exposure in Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A National Birth Cohort Study. JAMA Intern Med. 2022; 182(5):522–33

Immunmodulatoren

Ban L, Tata LJ, Fiaschi L, Card T. Limited risks of major congenital anomalies in children of mothers with IBD and effects of medications. Gastroenterology. 2014; 146(1):76–84
Berkenstadt M, Weisz B, Cuckle H, Di-Castro M, Guetta E, Barkai G. Chromosomal abnormalities and birth defects among couples with colchicine treated familial mediterranean fever. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 193(4):1513–6
Casanova MJ, Chaparro M, Domenech E, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Bermejo F, Iglesias E, Gomollon F, Rodrigo L, Calvet X, Esteve M, Garcia-Planella E, Garcia-Lopez S, Taxonera C, Calvo M, Lopez M, Ginard D, Gomez-Garcia M, Garrido E, Perez-Calle JL, Beltran B, Piqueras M, Saro C, Botella B, Duenas C, Ponferrada A, Manosa M, Garcia-Sanchez V, Mate J, Gisbert JP. Safety of thiopurines and anti-TNF-alpha drugs during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013; 108(3):433–40
Cassina M, Johnson DL, Robinson LK, Braddock SR, Xu R, Jimenez JL, Mirrasoul N, Salas E, Luo YJ, Jones KL, Chambers CD, Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Collaborative Research Group. Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64(7):2085–94
Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Schwartz V, Avgil-Tsadok M, Finkel-Pekarsky V, Wajnberg R, Arnon J, Berkovitch M, Ornoy A. Pregnancy outcome after in utero exposure to colchicine. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 203(2):144.e1–.e6
Götestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, Fischer-Betz R, Elefant E, Chambers C, da Silva J, Nelson-Piercy C, Cetin I, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Dolhain R, Förger F, Khamashta M, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Zink A, Vencovsky J, Cutolo M, Caeyers N, Zumbuhl C, Östensen M. The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016; 75(5):795–810
Indraratna PL, Virk S, Gurram D, Day RO. Use of colchicine in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018; 57(2):382–7
Kanis SL, Modderman S, Escher JC, Erler N, Beukers R, de Boer N, Bodelier A, Depla ACTM, Dijkstra G, van Dijk A-BRM, Gilissen L, Hoentjen F, Jansen JM, Kuyvenhoven J, Mahmmod N, Mallant-Hent RC, van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Noruzi A, Oldenburg B, Oostenbrug LE, Ter Borg PCJ, Pierik M, Romberg- Camps M, Thijs W, West R, de Lima A, van der Woude CJ. Health outcomes of 1000 children born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease in their first 5 years of life. Gut. 2021; 70(7):1266–74
Mahadevan U, Long MD, Kane SV, Roy A, Dubinsky MC, Sands BE, Cohen RD, Chambers CD, Sandborn WJ. Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes after Fetal Exposure To Biologics and Thiopurines among Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology. 2021; 160(4):1131–9
National Toxicology Program. NTP Monograph: Developmental Effects and Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Cancer Chemotherapy Use During Pregnancy. NTP Monogr. 2013; (2):i–214
Rüegg L, Pluma A, Hamroun S, Cecchi I, Perez-Garcia LF, Anderson PO, Andreoli L, Wirström SB, Boyadhzieva V, Chambers C, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Dolhain RJEM, Fischer-Betz R, Giles I, Gøtestam-Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Marchiori F, Mayer-Pickel K, Molto A, Nelson-Piercy C, Nielsen OH, Tincani A, Wallenius M, Zbinden A, Meissner Y, Finckh A, Förger F. EULAR recommendations for use of antirheumatic drugs in reproduction, pregnancy, and lactation: 2024 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2025; 84(6):910–26
Russell MD, Dey M, Flint J, Davie P, Allen A, Crossley A, Frishman M, Gayed M, Hodson K, Khamashta M, Moore L, Panchal S, Piper M, Reid C, Saxby K, Schreiber K, Senvar N, Tosounidou S, van de Venne M, Warburton L, Williams D, Yee C-S, Gordon C, Giles I, BSR Standards Audit and Guidelines Working Group. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding: immunomodulatory anti-rheumatic drugs and corticosteroids. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023; 62(4):e48–e88
Selig BP, Furr JR, Huey RW, Moran C, Alluri VN, Medders GR, Mumm CD, Hallford HG, Mulvihill JJ. Cancer chemotherapeutic agents as human teratogens. Birth Defects Res (Part A). 2012; 94(8):626–50
Singer A, Grinshpun-Cohen J, Sagi-Dain L. Colchicine treatment increases the risk for fetal chromosomal aberrations-an observational study and systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021; 60(5):2342–7
Weber-Schoendorfer C, Beck E, Tissen-Diabate T, Schaefer C. Leflunomide - A human teratogen? A still not answered question. An evaluation of the German Embryotox pharmacovigilance database. Reprod Toxicol. 2017; 71:101–7

Malaria-Medikamente

Edstein MD, Veenendaal JR, Hyslop R. Excretion of mefloquine in human breast milk. Chemotherapy. 1988; 34(3):165–9
González R, Mombo-Ngoma G, Ouédraogo S, Kakolwa MA, Abdulla S, Accrombessi M, Aponte JJ, Akerey-Diop D, Basra A, Briand V, Capan M, Cot M, Kabanywanyi AM, Kleine C, Kremsner PG, Macete E, Mackanga J-R, Massougbodgi A, Mayor A, Nhacolo A, Pahlavan G, Ramharter M, Rupérez M, Sevene E, Vala A, Zoleko-Manego R, Menéndez C. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with mefloquine in HIV-negative women: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2014; 11(9):e1001733
Gutman JR, Hall C, Khodr ZG, Bukowinski AT, Gumbs GR, Conlin AMS, Wells NY, Tan KR. Atovaquone-proguanil exposure in pregnancy and risk for adverse fetal and infant outcomes: A retrospective analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2019:101519
Nambozi M, Tinto H, Mwapasa V, Tagbor H, Kabuya J-BB, Hachizovu S, Traoré M, Valea I, Tahita MC, Ampofo G, Buyze J, Ravinetto R, Arango D, Thriemer K, Mulenga M, van Geertruyden J-P, D'Alessandro U. Artemisinin-based combination therapy during pregnancy: outcome of pregnancy and infant mortality: a cohort study. Malar J. 2019; 18(1):105
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Reuvers N, Vial T, Schaefer C, Elefant E, de Santis M, Malm H, Wentges-van Holthe N. Pregnancy Outcome after First Trimester Exposure to Malarone (Atovaquone-Proguanil): A Prospective Case-Series [Abstract]. Birth Defects Res (Part A). 2012; 94(5):329
Rupérez M, González R, Mombo-Ngoma G, Kabanywanyi AM, Sevene E, Ouédraogo S, Kakolwa MA, Vala A, Accrombessi M, Briand V, Aponte JJ, Manego Zoleko R, Adegnika AA, Cot M, Kremsner PG, Massougbodji A, Abdulla S, Ramharter M, Macete E, Menéndez C. Mortality, Morbidity, and Developmental Outcomes in Infants Born to Women Who Received Either Mefloquine or Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine as Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. PLoS Med. 2016; 13(2):e1001964
Schlagenhauf P, Blumentals WA, Suter P, Regep L, Vital-Durand G, Schaerer MT, Boutros MS, Rhein H-G, Adamcova M. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after exposure to mefloquine in the pre- and periconception period and during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 54(11):e124–e31
Vanhauwere B, Maradit H, Kerr L. Post-marketing surveillance of prophylactic Mefloquine (Lariam) use in pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998; 58(1):17–21

Migräne-Medikation

Crowe HM, Wesselink AK, Wise LA, Jick SS, Rothman KJ, Mikkelsen EM, Sørensen HT, Hatch EE. Pre-pregnancy migraine diagnosis, medication use, and spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study. J Headache Pain. 2022; 23(1):162
Ephross SA, Sinclair SM. Final Results From the 16-Year Sumatriptan, Naratriptan, and Treximet Pregnancy Registry. Headache. 2014; 54(7):1158–72
Fiore M, Shields KE, Santanello N, Goldberg MR. Exposure to rizatriptan during pregnancy: post-marketing experience up to 30 june 2004. Cephalalgia. 2005; 25(9):685–8
Källen B, Nilsson E, Otterblad Olausson P. Delivery outcome after maternal use of drugs for migraine: a register study in Sweden. Drug Saf. 2011; 34(8):691–703
Nezvalova-Henriksen K, Spigset O, Nordeng H. Triptan safety during pregnancy: a Norwegian population registry study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013; 28(9):759–69
Noseda R, Bedussi F, Gobbi C, Ceschi A, Zecca C. Safety profile of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide system in pregnancy: Updated analysis in VigiBase®. Cephalalgia. 2023; 43(4):3331024231158083
Shuhaiber S, Pastuszak A, Schick B, Matsui D, Spivey G, Brochu J, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome following first trimester exposure to sumatriptan. Neurology. 1998; 51(2):581–3
Spielmann K, Kayser A, Beck E, Meister R, Schaefer C. Pregnancy outcome after anti-migraine triptan use: A prospective observational cohort study. Cephalalgia. 2018; 38(6):1081–92
Yamaguchi Y, Yamada T, Goto M, Kawasaki H, Wada T, Ikeda-Sakai Y, Saito Y, Hayashi M, Tanaka S, Takahashi R, Nakayama T, Murashima A, Kosugi S. Analysis of triptan use during pregnancy in Japan: A case series. Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2022; 62(2):78–81

Schlafmittel (Z-Substanzen)

Ban L, West J, Gibson JE, Fiaschi L, Sokal R, Doyle P, Hubbard R, Smeeth L, Tata LJ. First Trimester Exposure to Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs and the Risks of Major Congenital Anomalies: A United Kingdom Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2014; 9(6):e100996
Brandlistuen RE, Ystrom E, Hernandez-Diaz S, Skurtveit S, Selmer R, Handal M, Nordeng H. Association of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and child internalizing problems: A sibling-controlled cohort study. PLoS One. 2017; 12(7):e0181042
Diav-Citrin O, Okotore B, Lucarelli K, Koren G. Pregnancy outcome following first-trimester exposure to zopiclone: a prospective controlled cohort study. Am J Perinatol. 1999; 16(4):157–60
Howley MM, Werler MM, Fisher SC, Tracy M, Van Zutphen AR, Papadopoulos EA, Hansen C, Ailes EC, Reefhuis J, Wood ME, Browne ML. Maternal exposure to zolpidem and risk of specific birth defects. J Sleep Res. 2024; 33(1):e13958
Källen B, Borg N, Reis M. The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). 2013; 6(10):1221–86
Sundbakk LM, Gran JM, Wood ME, Handal M, Skurtveit S, Nordeng H. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics With Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood. JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5(12):e2246889
Sundbakk LM, Wood M, Gran JM, Nordeng H. Impact of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics on behavioral problems at 5 years of age: A study from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2019; 14(6):e0217830

Virustatika

Contejean A, Leruez-Ville M, Treluyer J-M, Tsatsaris V, Ville Y, Charlier C, Chouchana L. Assessing the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and birth defects reporting in women exposed to ganciclovir or valganciclovir during pregnancy: a pharmacovigilance study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023; 78(5):1265–9
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Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. JAMA. 2010; 304(8):859–66
Ratanajamit C, Skriver MV, Jepsen P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Olsen J, Sörensen HT. Adverse pregnancy outcome in women exposed to acyclovir during pregnancy: a population-based observational study. Scand J Infec Dis. 2003; 35(4):255–9
Stone KM, Reiff-Eldridge R, White AD, Cordero JF, Brown Z, Alexander ER, Andrews EB. Pregnancy outcomes following systemic prenatal acyclovir exposure: Conclusions from the international acyclovir pregnancy registry, 1984-1999. Birth Defects Res (Part A). 2004; 70(4):201–7
Stray-Pedersen B. Acyclovir in late pregnancy to prevent neonatal herpes simplex. Lancet. 1990; 336(8717):756

Weitere

Chappell LC, Bell JL, Smith A, Linsell L, Juszczak E, Dixon PH, Chambers J, Hunter R, Dorling J, Williamson C, Thornton JG. Ursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (PITCHES): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019; 394(10201):849–60
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Hirsch A, Ternovsky N, Zwas DR, Rotem R, Amir O, Hirsh Raccah B. The effect of statins exposure during pregnancy on congenital anomalies and spontaneous abortions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022; 13:1003060
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Mohaghegh Z, Abedi P, Faal S, Jahanfar S, Surdock A, Sharifipour F, Zahedian M. The effect of hyoscine n- butylbromide on labor progress: A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020; 20(1):291
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